Abstract：The combined propulsion，levitation，and guidance superconducting electrodynamic suspension

maglev train is capable of achieving electromagnetic forces generated by ground coils，which is of significant

importance for reducing construction costs and shortening development cycles. A mathematical model of the

maglev train was established based on the space harmonic method，and the magnetic flux density and

electromagnetic forces of the train were calculated. Then，a single-side finite element model of the maglev train was

developed to validate the space harmonic method. Finally，an asymmetric model was designed by changing the

heights of the upper and lower coils，based on the symmetrical model. An asymmetric system coefficient was

introduced to investigate the propulsion，levitation，and guidance electromagnetic performances during lift-off and

stable operation. The results indicated that the asymmetric system exhibited superior levitation performance，

whereas the symmetric system demonstrates better propulsion performance. The findings of this analysis provide a

theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of the combined propulsion，levitation，and guidance

electrodynamic suspension maglev train.

      Key words：superconducting magnets；finite element simulation；propulsion levitation and guidance coil；

maglev train